Germanium (CAS 7440-56-4) — formula Ge, molecular weight 72.63; category organic chemicals.
| CAS Number | 7440-56-4 |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | Ge |
| Molecular Weight | 72.63 |
| Melting Point | 937.2 °C |
| Boiling Point | 2700 °C |
| Applications | Uses: Used to make rectifying devices (germanium diodes), transistors, and red-fluorescing phosphors, Also used in dental alloys, catalysts, electroplating, infrared optics, gamma-ray spectroscopy, fiber optics, and veterinary medications, [HSDB] Used in brazing alloys, gold alloys, and beryllium alloys, [Hawley] Mainly used to make infrared sensing systems, Use in semiconductors is declining, Worldwide uses are: fiber optic systems (30%), polymerization catalysts (25%), electronic, solar applications (15%), and other (phosphors, metallurgy, and chemotherapy), [Nordberg, p. 802], Brazing [Category: Heat or Machine], Electroplating [Category: Plate], Semiconductor Manufacturing [Category: Industry], Metal Extraction and Refining [Category: Industry], IN ELECTRONICS: MANUFACTURE OF RECTIFYING DEVICES (GERMANIUM DIODES), TRANSISTORS, IN RED-FLUORESCING PHOSPHORS, IN DENTAL ALLOYS, IN PRODN OF GLASS CAPABLE OF TRANSMITTING INFRARED RADIATION, AS A CATALYST, IN ELECTROPLATING, (VET): INTESTINAL ASTRINGENT, In infrared optics, and fiber optics., Methods of Manufacturing: ...SMELTING PRODUCES CRUDE GERMANIUM CONCENTRATES FROM WHICH GERMANIUM TETRACHLORIDE CAN BE DISTILLED & CONVERTED TO GERMANIUM OXIDE BY HYDROLYSIS IN WATER. OXIDE...REDUCED IN PURE HYDROGEN @ A TEMP OF ABOUT 700 °C TO GERMANIUM METAL & THIS IS REFINED IN..."ZONE REFINING" PROCESS..., Impurities: Impurities: Boron and Silicon, Formulations, Preparations: GRADES: TRANSISTOR, IE, IMPURITIES 1 PART IN 10. FORMS: INGOTS, SINGLE CRYSTALS, PURE OR DOPED, POWDER, Available, in 99.99-99.9999% min purity grades, Consumption Patterns: Infrared Optics, 60%, Fiber optics systems, 15%, Detectors, 10%, and Semi-conductors (incl transistors, diodes and rectifiers), 5% (1985), Infrared systems, 42%, 34%, gamma-ray, X-ray, and inrared detectors, semiconductors (including transistors, diodes, and rectifiers), 8%, and other applications (catalysts, phosphors, metalurgy, 6% (1992)., U.S. Production: (1985) 2.0X10+9 g, 13, 000 kg (1992) from both primary and secondary materials., U.S. Imports: (1985) 1.1X10+9 g, 12, 600 kg (1992), General Manufacturing Information: Germanium: ACTIVE, GERMANIUM OCCURS IN SOME MINERAL ORES BUT IS PRODUCED IN UNITED STATES PRIMARILY AS BY-PRODUCT OF ZINC., GERMANIUM..., IS, TRANSPARENT TO INFRARED &...USED IN INFRARED SPECTROSCOPES & OTHER OPTICAL EQUIPMENT, INCL EXTREMELY SENSITIVE INFRARED DETECTORS., DOPED WITH ARSENIC, GALLIUM, OR OTHER ELEMENTS, IT IS USED AS TRANSISTOR ELEMENT IN THOUSANDS OF ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS. ...AS SEMICONDUCTOR ELEMENT NOW PROVIDES LARGEST USE OF GERMANIUM., GERMANIUM CATALYSTS ARE USED IN SOME PETROLEUM REFINING OPERATIONS & PROCESSES FOR PRODUCTION OF POLYESTER FIBERS., For more General Manufacturing Information (Complete) data for GERMANIUM (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Category | Organic Chemicals |
Documented applications: Uses: Used to make rectifying devices (germanium diodes), transistors, and red-fluorescing phosphors, Also used in dental alloys, catalysts, electroplating, infrared optics, gamma-ray spectroscopy, fiber optics, and veterinary medications, [HSDB] Used in brazing alloys, gold alloys, and beryllium alloys, [Hawley] Mainly used to make infrared sensing systems, Use in semiconductors is declining, Worldwide uses are: fiber optic systems (30%), polymerization catalysts (25%), electronic, solar applications (15%), and other (phosphors, metallurgy, and chemotherapy), [Nordberg, p. 802], Brazing [Category: Heat or Machine], Electroplating [Category: Plate], Semiconductor Manufacturing [Category: Industry], Metal Extraction and Refining [Category: Industry], IN ELECTRONICS: MANUFACTURE OF RECTIFYING DEVICES (GERMANIUM DIODES), TRANSISTORS, IN RED-FLUORESCING PHOSPHORS, IN DENTAL ALLOYS, IN PRODN OF GLASS CAPABLE OF TRANSMITTING INFRARED RADIATION, AS A CATALYST, IN ELECTROPLATING, (VET): INTESTINAL ASTRINGENT, In infrared optics, and fiber optics., Methods of Manufacturing: ...SMELTING PRODUCES CRUDE GERMANIUM CONCENTRATES FROM WHICH GERMANIUM TETRACHLORIDE CAN BE DISTILLED & CONVERTED TO GERMANIUM OXIDE BY HYDROLYSIS IN WATER. OXIDE...REDUCED IN PURE HYDROGEN @ A TEMP OF ABOUT 700 °C TO GERMANIUM METAL & THIS IS REFINED IN..."ZONE REFINING" PROCESS..., Impurities: Impurities: Boron and Silicon, Formulations, Preparations: GRADES: TRANSISTOR, IE, IMPURITIES 1 PART IN 10. FORMS: INGOTS, SINGLE CRYSTALS, PURE OR DOPED, POWDER, Available, in 99.99-99.9999% min purity grades, Consumption Patterns: Infrared Optics, 60%, Fiber optics systems, 15%, Detectors, 10%, and Semi-conductors (incl transistors, diodes and rectifiers), 5% (1985), Infrared systems, 42%, 34%, gamma-ray, X-ray, and inrared detectors, semiconductors (including transistors, diodes, and rectifiers), 8%, and other applications (catalysts, phosphors, metalurgy, 6% (1992)., U.S. Production: (1985) 2.0X10+9 g, 13, 000 kg (1992) from both primary and secondary materials., U.S. Imports: (1985) 1.1X10+9 g, 12, 600 kg (1992), General Manufacturing Information: Germanium: ACTIVE, GERMANIUM OCCURS IN SOME MINERAL ORES BUT IS PRODUCED IN UNITED STATES PRIMARILY AS BY-PRODUCT OF ZINC., GERMANIUM..., IS, TRANSPARENT TO INFRARED &...USED IN INFRARED SPECTROSCOPES & OTHER OPTICAL EQUIPMENT, INCL EXTREMELY SENSITIVE INFRARED DETECTORS., DOPED WITH ARSENIC, GALLIUM, OR OTHER ELEMENTS, IT IS USED AS TRANSISTOR ELEMENT IN THOUSANDS OF ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS. ...AS SEMICONDUCTOR ELEMENT NOW PROVIDES LARGEST USE OF GERMANIUM., GERMANIUM CATALYSTS ARE USED IN SOME PETROLEUM REFINING OPERATIONS & PROCESSES FOR PRODUCTION OF POLYESTER FIBERS., For more General Manufacturing Information (Complete) data for GERMANIUM (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page..
Germanium is a carbon-based organic compound with CAS registry number 7440-56-4 and molecular formula Ge (molecular weight 72.63), belonging to the organic chemicals segment of chemical raw materials.
CAS number: 7440-56-4
Its molecular formula Ge comprises 1 Ge atom.
Also known as: Germanium · Germanium metal
Category: organic chemicals
The CAS registry number of Germanium is 7440-56-4.
Molecular formula Ge, molecular weight 72.63.
It is also registered under: Germanium, Germanium metal.
Recorded applications: Uses: Used to make rectifying devices (germanium diodes), transistors, and red-fluorescing phosphors, Also used in dental alloys, catalysts, electroplating, infrared optics, gamma-ray spectroscopy, fiber optics, and veterinary medications, [HSDB] Used in brazing alloys, gold alloys, and beryllium alloys, [Hawley] Mainly used to make infrared sensing systems, Use in semiconductors is declining, Worldwide uses are: fiber optic systems (30%), polymerization catalysts (25%), electronic, solar applications (15%), and other (phosphors, metallurgy, and chemotherapy), [Nordberg, p. 802], Brazing [Category: Heat or Machine], Electroplating [Category: Plate], Semiconductor Manufacturing [Category: Industry], Metal Extraction and Refining [Category: Industry], IN ELECTRONICS: MANUFACTURE OF RECTIFYING DEVICES (GERMANIUM DIODES), TRANSISTORS, IN RED-FLUORESCING PHOSPHORS, IN DENTAL ALLOYS, IN PRODN OF GLASS CAPABLE OF TRANSMITTING INFRARED RADIATION, AS A CATALYST, IN ELECTROPLATING, (VET): INTESTINAL ASTRINGENT, In infrared optics, and fiber optics., Methods of Manufacturing: ...SMELTING PRODUCES CRUDE GERMANIUM CONCENTRATES FROM WHICH GERMANIUM TETRACHLORIDE CAN BE DISTILLED & CONVERTED TO GERMANIUM OXIDE BY HYDROLYSIS IN WATER. OXIDE...REDUCED IN PURE HYDROGEN @ A TEMP OF ABOUT 700 °C TO GERMANIUM METAL & THIS IS REFINED IN..."ZONE REFINING" PROCESS..., Impurities: Impurities: Boron and Silicon, Formulations, Preparations: GRADES: TRANSISTOR, IE, IMPURITIES 1 PART IN 10. FORMS: INGOTS, SINGLE CRYSTALS, PURE OR DOPED, POWDER, Available, in 99.99-99.9999% min purity grades, Consumption Patterns: Infrared Optics, 60%, Fiber optics systems, 15%, Detectors, 10%, and Semi-conductors (incl transistors, diodes and rectifiers), 5% (1985), Infrared systems, 42%, 34%, gamma-ray, X-ray, and inrared detectors, semiconductors (including transistors, diodes, and rectifiers), 8%, and other applications (catalysts, phosphors, metalurgy, 6% (1992)., U.S. Production: (1985) 2.0X10+9 g, 13, 000 kg (1992) from both primary and secondary materials., U.S. Imports: (1985) 1.1X10+9 g, 12, 600 kg (1992), General Manufacturing Information: Germanium: ACTIVE, GERMANIUM OCCURS IN SOME MINERAL ORES BUT IS PRODUCED IN UNITED STATES PRIMARILY AS BY-PRODUCT OF ZINC., GERMANIUM..., IS, TRANSPARENT TO INFRARED &...USED IN INFRARED SPECTROSCOPES & OTHER OPTICAL EQUIPMENT, INCL EXTREMELY SENSITIVE INFRARED DETECTORS., DOPED WITH ARSENIC, GALLIUM, OR OTHER ELEMENTS, IT IS USED AS TRANSISTOR ELEMENT IN THOUSANDS OF ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS. ...AS SEMICONDUCTOR ELEMENT NOW PROVIDES LARGEST USE OF GERMANIUM., GERMANIUM CATALYSTS ARE USED IN SOME PETROLEUM REFINING OPERATIONS & PROCESSES FOR PRODUCTION OF POLYESTER FIBERS., For more General Manufacturing Information (Complete) data for GERMANIUM (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page..
Category: Organic Chemicals.
Independent reference data for Germanium (CAS 7440-56-4), compiled from public chemistry databases.
| CAS 号 | 7440-56-4 |
|---|---|
| PubChem CID | 6326954 |
| 分子式 | Ge |
| IUPAC 名称 | germanium |
| UNII（FDA） | 00072J7XWS |
| Molecular Weight | 72.63 |
|---|---|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 0 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 0 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 0 |
| Exact Mass | 73.9211778 |
| Monoisotopic Mass | 73.9211778 |
| Topological Polar Surface Area | 0 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 1 |
| Boiling Point | 2700 °C |
|---|---|
| Boiling Point | 2833 °C @760 [mm Hg] |
| Melting Point | 937.2 °C |
| Density | 5.323 @ 25 °C/4 °C |
| Density | 5.323 @25 °C |
| Vapor Pressure | 0 mm Hg @ 25 °C |
| Heat of Combustion | 7380 J/g |
| Surface Tension | 6X10-1 N/m @ 1673.1 K |
GERMANIUM; 7440-56-4; Germanium element; Germanium, metal powder; DTXSID8052483; 00072J7XWS; GERMANIUM METALLICUM; CHEBI:30441; RefChem:57049; DTXCID5031056; 231-164-3; Germanium powder; germanium atom; germanium(2+); 13572-99-1; MFCD00011028
| 法规与食品接触 | FDA Cumulative Estimated Daily Intake (CEDI): FCS |
|---|---|
| GHS 通报统计 | 58.3% (186 / 319) |
| GHS 通报统计 | 58.3% (186 / 319) |
|---|---|
| 已通报的危害声明 | H228 (13.5%), H361 (27.3%), H373 (27.3%), H412 (27%) |
锗 · CAS 7440-56-4 · Ge. UNII 00072J7XWS. Boiling Point: 2700 °C; Boiling Point: 2833 °C @760 [mm Hg]; Melting Point: 937.2 °C.
Source: PubChem / Wikidata; the batch COA governs where values differ.
Supplier: Jinan Shenghe Chemical Co., Ltd.
中文页面: Germanium