硝化（CAS 26181-88-4）：分子式 C6H6、分子量 78.11。
| CAS号 | 26181-88-4 |
|---|---|
| 分子式 | C6H6 |
| 分子量 | 78.11 |
| 熔点 | 41.9 °F (NTP, 1992) |
| 沸点 | 176.2 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992) |
| LogP | 2.1 |
| 应用领域 | Uses: Benzene is used as a constituent in motor fuels、as a solvent for fats、waxes、resins、oils、inks、paints、plastics、and rubber、in the extraction of oils from seeds and nuts、and in photogravure printing. It is also used as a chemical intermediate. Benzene is also used in the manufacture of detergents、explosives、pharmaceuticals、and dyestuffs.、Benzene was used in the past as a solvent in inks、rubber、lacquers、and paint removers. Today、it is used mainly in closed processes to synthesize organic chemicals. Gasoline in some countries contains a high concentration of benzene (as high as 30%)、the U.S. average is 1-3%. Workers who remove or clean underground storage tanks may be exposed to significant levels. [ACGIH] Gasoline in North America now contains about 1% benzene. [AIHAJ 2002、63(2):225-30] The European Union (EU) reduced in 2000 the maximum allowed benzene content in gasoline from 5% to 1% by volume. Mean exposures in the Swedish petroleum industry are well below the Swedish occupational exposure limits. [PMID 28578463]、EPA restricts benzene emission from specific point sources、maximum contaminant level in drinking water is 5 ppb、FDA prohibits the use of benzene in food、[ATSDR Case Studies]、Metal Preparation and Pouring [Category: Foundry]、Petroleum Production and Refining [Category: Industry]、Working with Glues and Adhesives [Category: Other]、Firefighting [Category: Other]、Leather Tanning and Processing [Category: Industry]、Burning Synthetic Polymers [Category: Burn]、Smoking cigarettes [Category: Food & Drugs]、Preparing and mounting animal skins (taxidermy) [Category: Hobbies]、For benzene (USEPA、OPP Pesticide Code: 008801) there are 0 labels match.、SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S.、but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal、state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses.、Manufacture of industrial chemicals such as polymers、detergents、pesticides pharmaceuticals、dyes、resins. Organic solvent for waxes、natural rubber、etc. Reference for quantitating compounds. Gasoline additive.、Used for printing and lithography、paint、dry cleaning、adhesives and coatings、Extraction and rectification、preparation and use of inks in the graphic arts industries、as a thinner for paints、as a degreasing agent、For more Uses (Complete) data for BENZENE (10 total)、please visit the HSDB record page.、Benzene is used to make chemicals used in the manufacture of industrial products such as dyes、pesticides、synthetic rubber、and pharmaceuticals. Benzene is found in gasoline and trace amounts are found in cigarette smoke. Benzene has been banned as an ingredient in products intended for use in the home、including toys. Benzene has a sweet、aromatic、gasoline-like odor. Most individuals can begin to smell benzene in air at 1.5 to 4.7 ppm. The odor threshold generally provides adequate warning for acutely hazardous exposure concentrations but is inadequate for more chronic exposures.、Benzene is often used as an intermediate to make chemicals needed for the production of plastics、and nylon and other synthetic fibers. It is also used to make some types of rubbers、lubricants、drugs、and pesticides. Natural sources of benzene include emissions from volcanoes、forest fires、crude oil、gasoline、and cigarette smoke. (L5)、Use Classification: Chemical Classes -> Hydrocarbons (contain hydrogen and carbon atoms)、Volatile organic compounds、Food Additives -> EXTRACTION_SOLVENT -> JECFA Functional Classes、SOLVENTS、Industry Uses: Binder、Other、Solvent、pH regulating agent、Fuel、Heat transferring agent、Fuel agents、Surfactant (surface active agent)、Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable、Catalyst、Cleaning agent、Plasticizer、Flame retardant、Laboratory chemicals、Intermediate、Processing aids、specific to petroleum production、Adhesion、cohesion promoter、Consumer Uses: Intermediate、Etching agent、Soil amendments (fertilizers)、Lubricating agent、Household Products: Cosmetics product ingredient: Benzene、Source: Benzene is a colorless、volatile liquid found naturally in crude oil and gasoline. It is used as an industrial solvent. In the past、manufacturers added benzene to cosmetics、but currently it is present in cosmetics only as a contaminant or inadvertent byproduct.、Potential health impacts: People are exposed to benzene mainly by inhalation or by skin absorption. Benzene damages the DNA in bone marrow stem cells that make new red and white blood cells. Studies of rats and mice exposed to benzene in different ways have shown an increase in a variety of cancers. In humans、exposure to benzene has been linked to five blood cancers - acute myeloid leukemia (AML)、acute lymphocytic leukemia、chronic lymphocytic leukemia、multiple myeloma、and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The International Agency for Cancer Research (IARC) considers benzene a human carcinogen.、Product count: 27、Information on 75 consumer products that contain Benzene in the following categories is provided:、• Auto Products、• Commercial、Institutional、• Home Maintenance、• Inside the Home、• Pet Care、Methods of Manufacturing: Worldwide、~30% of commercial benzene is produced by catalytic reforming、a process in which aromatic molecules are produced from the dehydrogenation of cycloparaffins、dehydroisomerization of alkyl cyclopentanes、and the cyclization and subsequent dehydrogenation of paraffins. The feed to the catalytic reformer may be a straight-run、hydrocracked、or thermally cracked naphtha fraction in the C6 to 200 °C range. If benzene is the main product desired、a narrow naphtha cut of 71-104 °C is fed to the reformer. The reforming catalyst most frequently consists of platinum-rhenium on a high surface area alumina support. The reformer |
登记用途：Uses: Benzene is used as a constituent in motor fuels、as a solvent for fats、waxes、resins、oils、inks、paints、plastics、and rubber、in the extraction of oils from seeds and nuts、and in photogravure printing. It is also used as a chemical intermediate. Benzene is also used in the manufacture of detergents、explosives、pharmaceuticals、and dyestuffs.、Benzene was used in the past as a solvent in inks、rubber、lacquers、and paint removers. Today、it is used mainly in closed processes to synthesize organic chemicals. Gasoline in some countries contains a high concentration of benzene (as high as 30%)、the U.S. average is 1-3%. Workers who remove or clean underground storage tanks may be exposed to significant levels. [ACGIH] Gasoline in North America now contains about 1% benzene. [AIHAJ 2002、63(2):225-30] The European Union (EU) reduced in 2000 the maximum allowed benzene content in gasoline from 5% to 1% by volume. Mean exposures in the Swedish petroleum industry are well below the Swedish occupational exposure limits. [PMID 28578463]、EPA restricts benzene emission from specific point sources、maximum contaminant level in drinking water is 5 ppb、FDA prohibits the use of benzene in food、[ATSDR Case Studies]、Metal Preparation and Pouring [Category: Foundry]、Petroleum Production and Refining [Category: Industry]、Working with Glues and Adhesives [Category: Other]、Firefighting [Category: Other]、Leather Tanning and Processing [Category: Industry]、Burning Synthetic Polymers [Category: Burn]、Smoking cigarettes [Category: Food & Drugs]、Preparing and mounting animal skins (taxidermy) [Category: Hobbies]、For benzene (USEPA、OPP Pesticide Code: 008801) there are 0 labels match.、SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S.、but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal、state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses.、Manufacture of industrial chemicals such as polymers、detergents、pesticides pharmaceuticals、dyes、resins. Organic solvent for waxes、natural rubber、etc. Reference for quantitating compounds. Gasoline additive.、Used for printing and lithography、paint、dry cleaning、adhesives and coatings、Extraction and rectification、preparation and use of inks in the graphic arts industries、as a thinner for paints、as a degreasing agent、For more Uses (Complete) data for BENZENE (10 total)、please visit the HSDB record page.、Benzene is used to make chemicals used in the manufacture of industrial products such as dyes、pesticides、synthetic rubber、and pharmaceuticals. Benzene is found in gasoline and trace amounts are found in cigarette smoke. Benzene has been banned as an ingredient in products intended for use in the home、including toys. Benzene has a sweet、aromatic、gasoline-like odor. Most individuals can begin to smell benzene in air at 1.5 to 4.7 ppm. The odor threshold generally provides adequate warning for acutely hazardous exposure concentrations but is inadequate for more chronic exposures.、Benzene is often used as an intermediate to make chemicals needed for the production of plastics、and nylon and other synthetic fibers. It is also used to make some types of rubbers、lubricants、drugs、and pesticides. Natural sources of benzene include emissions from volcanoes、forest fires、crude oil、gasoline、and cigarette smoke. (L5)、Use Classification: Chemical Classes -> Hydrocarbons (contain hydrogen and carbon atoms)、Volatile organic compounds、Food Additives -> EXTRACTION_SOLVENT -> JECFA Functional Classes、SOLVENTS、Industry Uses: Binder、Other、Solvent、pH regulating agent、Fuel、Heat transferring agent、Fuel agents、Surfactant (surface active agent)、Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable、Catalyst、Cleaning agent、Plasticizer、Flame retardant、Laboratory chemicals、Intermediate、Processing aids、specific to petroleum production、Adhesion、cohesion promoter、Consumer Uses: Intermediate、Etching agent、Soil amendments (fertilizers)、Lubricating agent、Household Products: Cosmetics product ingredient: Benzene、Source: Benzene is a colorless、volatile liquid found naturally in crude oil and gasoline. It is used as an industrial solvent. In the past、manufacturers added benzene to cosmetics、but currently it is present in cosmetics only as a contaminant or inadvertent byproduct.、Potential health impacts: People are exposed to benzene mainly by inhalation or by skin absorption. Benzene damages the DNA in bone marrow stem cells that make new red and white blood cells. Studies of rats and mice exposed to benzene in different ways have shown an increase in a variety of cancers. In humans、exposure to benzene has been linked to five blood cancers - acute myeloid leukemia (AML)、acute lymphocytic leukemia、chronic lymphocytic leukemia、multiple myeloma、and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The International Agency for Cancer Research (IARC) considers benzene a human carcinogen.、Product count: 27、Information on 75 consumer products that contain Benzene in the following categories is provided:、• Auto Products、• Commercial、Institutional、• Home Maintenance、• Inside the Home、• Pet Care、Methods of Manufacturing: Worldwide、~30% of commercial benzene is produced by catalytic reforming、a process in which aromatic molecules are produced from the dehydrogenation of cycloparaffins、dehydroisomerization of alkyl cyclopentanes、and the cyclization and subsequent dehydrogenation of paraffins. The feed to the catalytic reformer may be a straight-run、hydrocracked、or thermally cracked naphtha fraction in the C6 to 200 °C range. If benzene is the main product desired、a narrow naphtha cut of 71-104 °C is fed to the reformer. The reforming catalyst most frequently consists of platinum-rhenium on a high surface area alumina support. The reformer。
硝化 是一种化工化合物，登记 CAS 号为 26181-88-4，分子式 C6H6（分子量 78.11）。
登记 CAS 号：26181-88-4
其分子式 C6H6 由 6 个碳、6 个氢 组成。
别名/同义词：硝化 · Nitration
硝化 的 CAS 登记号为 26181-88-4。
分子式 C6H6，分子量 78.11。
别名/同义词：硝化、Nitration。
登记用途：Uses: Benzene is used as a constituent in motor fuels、as a solvent for fats、waxes、resins、oils、inks、paints、plastics、and rubber、in the extraction of oils from seeds and nuts、and in photogravure printing. It is also used as a chemical intermediate. Benzene is also used in the manufacture of detergents、explosives、pharmaceuticals、and dyestuffs.、Benzene was used in the past as a solvent in inks、rubber、lacquers、and paint removers. Today、it is used mainly in closed processes to synthesize organic chemicals. Gasoline in some countries contains a high concentration of benzene (as high as 30%)、the U.S. average is 1-3%. Workers who remove or clean underground storage tanks may be exposed to significant levels. [ACGIH] Gasoline in North America now contains about 1% benzene. [AIHAJ 2002、63(2):225-30] The European Union (EU) reduced in 2000 the maximum allowed benzene content in gasoline from 5% to 1% by volume. Mean exposures in the Swedish petroleum industry are well below the Swedish occupational exposure limits. [PMID 28578463]、EPA restricts benzene emission from specific point sources、maximum contaminant level in drinking water is 5 ppb、FDA prohibits the use of benzene in food、[ATSDR Case Studies]、Metal Preparation and Pouring [Category: Foundry]、Petroleum Production and Refining [Category: Industry]、Working with Glues and Adhesives [Category: Other]、Firefighting [Category: Other]、Leather Tanning and Processing [Category: Industry]、Burning Synthetic Polymers [Category: Burn]、Smoking cigarettes [Category: Food & Drugs]、Preparing and mounting animal skins (taxidermy) [Category: Hobbies]、For benzene (USEPA、OPP Pesticide Code: 008801) there are 0 labels match.、SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S.、but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal、state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses.、Manufacture of industrial chemicals such as polymers、detergents、pesticides pharmaceuticals、dyes、resins. Organic solvent for waxes、natural rubber、etc. Reference for quantitating compounds. Gasoline additive.、Used for printing and lithography、paint、dry cleaning、adhesives and coatings、Extraction and rectification、preparation and use of inks in the graphic arts industries、as a thinner for paints、as a degreasing agent、For more Uses (Complete) data for BENZENE (10 total)、please visit the HSDB record page.、Benzene is used to make chemicals used in the manufacture of industrial products such as dyes、pesticides、synthetic rubber、and pharmaceuticals. Benzene is found in gasoline and trace amounts are found in cigarette smoke. Benzene has been banned as an ingredient in products intended for use in the home、including toys. Benzene has a sweet、aromatic、gasoline-like odor. Most individuals can begin to smell benzene in air at 1.5 to 4.7 ppm. The odor threshold generally provides adequate warning for acutely hazardous exposure concentrations but is inadequate for more chronic exposures.、Benzene is often used as an intermediate to make chemicals needed for the production of plastics、and nylon and other synthetic fibers. It is also used to make some types of rubbers、lubricants、drugs、and pesticides. Natural sources of benzene include emissions from volcanoes、forest fires、crude oil、gasoline、and cigarette smoke. (L5)、Use Classification: Chemical Classes -> Hydrocarbons (contain hydrogen and carbon atoms)、Volatile organic compounds、Food Additives -> EXTRACTION_SOLVENT -> JECFA Functional Classes、SOLVENTS、Industry Uses: Binder、Other、Solvent、pH regulating agent、Fuel、Heat transferring agent、Fuel agents、Surfactant (surface active agent)、Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable、Catalyst、Cleaning agent、Plasticizer、Flame retardant、Laboratory chemicals、Intermediate、Processing aids、specific to petroleum production、Adhesion、cohesion promoter、Consumer Uses: Intermediate、Etching agent、Soil amendments (fertilizers)、Lubricating agent、Household Products: Cosmetics product ingredient: Benzene、Source: Benzene is a colorless、volatile liquid found naturally in crude oil and gasoline. It is used as an industrial solvent. In the past、manufacturers added benzene to cosmetics、but currently it is present in cosmetics only as a contaminant or inadvertent byproduct.、Potential health impacts: People are exposed to benzene mainly by inhalation or by skin absorption. Benzene damages the DNA in bone marrow stem cells that make new red and white blood cells. Studies of rats and mice exposed to benzene in different ways have shown an increase in a variety of cancers. In humans、exposure to benzene has been linked to five blood cancers - acute myeloid leukemia (AML)、acute lymphocytic leukemia、chronic lymphocytic leukemia、multiple myeloma、and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The International Agency for Cancer Research (IARC) considers benzene a human carcinogen.、Product count: 27、Information on 75 consumer products that contain Benzene in the following categories is provided:、• Auto Products、• Commercial、Institutional、• Home Maintenance、• Inside the Home、• Pet Care、Methods of Manufacturing: Worldwide、~30% of commercial benzene is produced by catalytic reforming、a process in which aromatic molecules are produced from the dehydrogenation of cycloparaffins、dehydroisomerization of alkyl cyclopentanes、and the cyclization and subsequent dehydrogenation of paraffins. The feed to the catalytic reformer may be a straight-run、hydrocracked、or thermally cracked naphtha fraction in the C6 to 200 °C range. If benzene is the main product desired、a narrow naphtha cut of 71-104 °C is fed to the reformer. The reforming catalyst most frequently consists of platinum-rhenium on a high surface area alumina support. The reformer。
硝化（CAS 26181-88-4）的独立参考数据，整理自公开化学数据库。
| CAS Registry Number | 26181-88-4 |
|---|---|
| PubChem CID | 241 |
| Molecular formula | C6H6 |
| IUPAC name | benzene |
| UNII (FDA) | J64922108F |
| Molecular Weight | 78.11 |
|---|---|
| XLogP3 | 2.1 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 0 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 0 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 0 |
| Exact Mass | 78.0469501914 |
| Monoisotopic Mass | 78.0469501914 |
| Topological Polar Surface Area | 0 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 6 |
| Boiling Point | 176.2 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992) |
|---|---|
| Boiling Point | 80.08 °C |
| Boiling Point | 80.00 to 81.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg |
| Boiling Point | 80 °C |
| Boiling Point | 176.2 °F |
| Boiling Point | 80.09 °C @760 [mm Hg] |
| Boiling Point | 176 °F |
| Melting Point | 41.9 °F (NTP, 1992) |
| Melting Point | 5.558 °C |
| Melting Point | 5.5 °C |
benzene; 71-43-2; benzol; Cyclohexatriene; benzole; Pyrobenzole; Benzine; Coal naphtha; Pyrobenzol; Benzen; Phene; Phenyl hydride; Mineral naphtha; Benzolene; Bicarburet of hydrogen; Motor benzol
| Regulatory & Food Contact | FDA Substance added to food: Use unspecified FDA Inventory of Food Contact Substances Listed in 21 CFR: FCS EXTRACTION_SOLVENT: Food Additives Not to be used. JECFA noted that in view of the many known toxic effects of benzene in humans it was concluded that benzene wa TRS 648-JECFA 23/18 |
|---|---|
| GHS notification summary | 0.1% (2 / 1934) |
| GHS notification summary | 0.1% (2 / 1934) |
|---|---|
| Reported hazard statements | H225, H304, H315, H319, H340, H350, H372, H412 (17.2%) |
H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]
H304: May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways [Danger Aspiration hazard]
Nitration · CAS 26181-88-4 · C6H6. UNII J64922108F. Boiling Point: 176.2 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992); Boiling Point: 80.08 °C; Boiling Point: 80.00 to 81.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg.
数据来源：PubChem / Wikidata；与随货 COA 不一致时以 COA 为准。
English page: Nitration